Defense for Environment

The following measures will be adopted to control water pollution: To enhance the reuse of treated sewage and industrial wastewater before final discharge to water bodies. To set up common effluent treatment plants on a cost-recovery basis. To take explicit account of groundwater pollution in pricing policies of pesticide and fertilizers. To develop a strategy for strengthening regulation regarding the impact of shipbreaking on marine resources. To promote research and development in the field of low-cost technologies in sewage treatment. To develop public privet partnership for setting up effluents and sewage treatment plants. 

The following are elements of an action plan on soil pollution: Develop and implement strategies for clean up of pre-existing toxic and hazardous waste dumps. in industrial area and reclamation of such land for sustainable use. Strengthen the capacity of local bodies for segregation-recycling and reuse of municipal solid waste. Develop and implement strategies for recycle, reuse and final environmentally begin disposal of plastic waste, including through the promotion of relevant technologies and use of the incentive-based instruments.

The following would comprise an element of an action plan on abatement of noise pollution: Make an appropriate distinction between the different environments in terms of setting ambient noise standard,e.g- rural Vs urban; education and hospital establishments various other areas; daytime Vs night time in a residential area; the area in the vicinity of rail, road, airport infrastructure Etc. Distinguish between noise standard and protection measure in the context of occupational exposure, and environmental exposure to third parties. Formulated noise emission norms "loudspeaker, automobile horn, and fireworks "rating appropriate to various activities to ensure the exposer level to third parties who have not participated in the activities do not exceed prescribe ambient standard. Encourage dialogue between state/local authorities and religions/community representative on the adoption of an enforceable specific duration, the timing for use of loudspeaker of fireworks.

                             Tiwari committee (1980) The Tiwari committee was set up in February 1980 to suggest administrative and legislative measures that out to be taken for the protection of the environment. This committee submitted its report in September 1980and made for reaching recommendations. According to this for the protection of the environment. 1.        Land and water management. 2.        Natural living resources. 3.        Environmental pollution and environmental impact assessment. 4.        Human settlement. 5.        Environmental education and awareness.     The committee reviewed the exciting laws related to the environment and pointed out the following shortcoming: 1.        Many laws were outdated. 2.        The law does not spell out policy objectives. 3.        Some of them were mutually inconsistent. 4.        The law did not have explicit provision for adequate and effective implementation of the law.  5.        There was no expose

The act is meant to prevent the rapid decline of wild animals and birds in the country. Potching of wild animals has completely prohibited under this Act. It also provides that the state government may declare any area to a sanctuary or as a national park if it considers that such area is of adequate ecological geomorphological, natural or zoological significant of the purpose of protecting, propagating or developing wildlife. The Act has the following objective: Protecting wildlife in the country. To prevent hunting and treading wildlife in any form. Control the maintenance of national parks and sanctuaries in the country.

The removal of the source is the most obvious answer. Sealing off the pyrite so that it can not oxidize and flooding the abandoned mine are two solutions. Reclaiming land so that pyrite does not expose also helps. However, it is very difficult to prevent pyrite from oxidizing once it has been disturbed and exposed to air. You could coat the exposed pyrite with an impermeable coating of ferric phosphate to prevent exposure to air. You could also curb acid mine drainage by suppressing the activity of Fe- and S-oxidizing bacteria. In the laboratory, this has been done with a low concentration of organic acid and the addition of antimicrobial compounds. However, this procedure appears to be impartial on a field scale. And the alternative mechanism is to place the acid mine drainage in a lagoon with large quantities of organic waste "sawdust". Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria will lower the redox potential and produce degradation and intermediates that can be used by (SO4)2- reducer

Abandoned mines and mine spoiled represented a major source of environmental contamination through acidic drainage. Cole is often associated with pyrite. when mining exposed the cole to air, a combination of autooxidation and microbial Fe and S oxidation produce acid. the subsequently acidic damage is environmentally harmful to life and physical structure. stream pH may decrease from near-natural to 2 to 4.5. Sulfate concentration is stream may range from 1000 to 20000 mg/l. ferrous ion may become non-degradable in the water but that stream becomes blood-red with precipitated Fe+. Acid mine drainage is a result of chemical and microbial reactions. At natural pH, pyrite (FeSo2) oxidation is rapid and spontaneous, but below pH 4.5 autooxidation slows. in the range of pH 3.5 to 4.5, the ion bacterium Metallogenium catalyzes pyrite oxidation, while at pH < 3.5, Thiobacillus species and Leptospirillus species become important. At this stage microbially catalyze oxidation is several hundr